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Inactivating anterior insular cortex reduces risk taking.

Hironori Ishii¹, Shinya Ohara, Philippe N Tobler

¹Division of Systems Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience

|November 9, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The anterior insular cortex (AIC) promotes risk-taking behavior, while the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) promotes risk avoidance. Inactivating the AIC reduced risk preference in rats, whereas OFC inactivation increased it.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Decision Science
Behavioral Economics

Background:

Risky decision-making involves complex choices between uncertain outcomes.
While brain regions like the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) are known to influence risk preference, the specific role of the anterior insular cortex (AIC) remains unclear.
Previous human imaging studies suggest AIC involvement in gambling tasks, but causal evidence is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the causal role of the anterior insular cortex (AIC) in risk preference.
To compare the effects of AIC inactivation with the known effects of OFC inactivation on risky decision-making.

Main Methods:

Temporary inactivation of the AIC and OFC in rats using a within-subjects design.
Assessment of risk preference in two distinct gambling tasks: one varying reward amount and another varying reward delay.
Control experiments in risk-free situations to isolate the effects on decision-making under risk.

Main Results:

AIC inactivation significantly decreased risk preference in both gambling tasks.
OFC inactivation significantly increased risk preference.
Inactivation of both AIC and OFC had no effect on decision-making in risk-free scenarios.

Conclusions:

The anterior insular cortex (AIC) is causally involved in promoting risk-taking behavior.
The AIC and OFC play opposing, crucial roles in the neural mechanisms underlying the balance between risk-taking and risk avoidance.
These findings elucidate the distinct contributions of AIC and OFC to navigating uncertain choices.