Advancement of scientific research on Helicobacter pylori in humans: where do we stand?

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been associated with humans for millions of years and its association wih gastroduodenal diseases has well been established. Research explosion has added vastly to the current dimensions. The new and unusual pattern of involvement in the form of diffuse duodenal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (DDNLH) due to specific strain of H. pylorii has been reported from Kashmir recently, which heckles early recognition and treatment and on the other hand, we continue to face challenges so far as the prevention of carcinoma of stomach, a worst sequlae of H. pylori is concerned although population screening and prevention surveys are underway in many countries. Continued scientific work has now unfolded involvement of H.pylori in extragastric diseases like cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, idiopathic thrombocytopenia, sideroblastic anaemia, mental diseases, and collagen vascular disease .Moreover the beneficial effects of H. pylori with respect to allergic diseases and obesity are clear. Problem of drug resistance for eradication of H. pylori has arisen for which novel treatments are tried. Lactobacillus reuteri having ant H.pylori action is one of the promising treatment as is now available in India for usage. The main challenges which remain are prevention of H. pylori related diseases by effective treatment and screening procedures and development of a vaccine which can address all these issues including beneficial aspects of H. pylori.