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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

First trimester in utero exposure to methylphenidate.

Dorthe Dideriksen¹, Anton Pottegård, Jesper Hallas

¹Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. ddideriksen@health.sdu.dk

Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology

|November 10, 2012

Summary

This study found that methylphenidate (MPH) exposure during pregnancy is not linked to a significant increase in major birth defects. Data from multiple registries indicate MPH is generally safe for fetal development.

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Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Pediatrics

Background:

Methylphenidate (MPH) is a common stimulant medication.
Its use is increasing among adult women, including during pregnancy.
Safety data regarding prenatal MPH exposure are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and analyze birth outcomes following in utero exposure to methylphenidate.
To assess the risk of congenital malformations associated with first-trimester MPH exposure.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature searches of PubMed and Embase databases.
Evaluation of data from large population-based registries: Michigan Medicaid, Collaborative Perinatal Project, and Swedish Birth Registry.
Analysis of birth outcomes in children exposed to MPH in utero.

Main Results:

Identified 180 children with in utero first-trimester methylphenidate exposure.
Observed four cases of major malformations among exposed children.
Found no substantial (i.e., > twofold) increased risk of congenital malformations.

Conclusions:

Prenatal methylphenidate exposure does not appear to significantly elevate the risk of major congenital malformations.
Further research may be warranted to confirm these findings in larger cohorts.