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Related Concept Videos

Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...
Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The long...
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Dissection, MicroCT Scanning and Morphometric Analyses of the Baculum
04:32

Dissection, MicroCT Scanning and Morphometric Analyses of the Baculum

Published on: March 19, 2017

Bone morphometry.

M Jaffar1, B V Murlimanju, V V Saralaya

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Bejai, Mangalore (D.K.), India.

Bratislavske Lekarske Listy
|November 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Anatomical measurements of a human femur are more accurate than radiological measurements. This study found radiological values were consistently lower, informing orthopedic implant design.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Anatomy
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Radiological measurements are standard in clinical practice.
  • Anatomical measurements are known to be more precise.
  • Direct comparisons of anatomical and radiological measurements are scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare anatomical and radiological measurements of a human femur.
  • To assess discrepancies between measurement techniques.
  • To provide data for orthopedic implant customization.

Main Methods:

  • A single adult human cadaveric femur was utilized.
  • Measurements were taken both anatomically and radiologically.
  • Digital vernier calipers were used for anatomical measurements.

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Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model
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Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model

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Measuring Bone Remodeling and Recreating the Tumor-Bone Microenvironment Using Calvaria Co-culture and Histomorphometry
08:24

Measuring Bone Remodeling and Recreating the Tumor-Bone Microenvironment Using Calvaria Co-culture and Histomorphometry

Published on: March 14, 2020

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Dissection, MicroCT Scanning and Morphometric Analyses of the Baculum
04:32

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Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model
06:59

Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model

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Measuring Bone Remodeling and Recreating the Tumor-Bone Microenvironment Using Calvaria Co-culture and Histomorphometry
08:24

Measuring Bone Remodeling and Recreating the Tumor-Bone Microenvironment Using Calvaria Co-culture and Histomorphometry

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Main Results:

  • Radiological measurements were consistently lower than anatomical measurements across all parameters.
  • Specific differences noted in femur length, greater trochanter to isthmus length, and various mediolateral and anteroposterior widths.
  • Anatomical measurements yielded higher values for all tested dimensions.

Conclusions:

  • Radiological femur measurements tend to underestimate true anatomical dimensions.
  • Observed variations highlight the need for patient-specific implant design in orthopedics.
  • This study offers valuable reference data for orthopedic surgical planning.