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Hyperfrontality and hypoconnectivity during refreshing in schizophrenia.

Marie-Laure Grillon¹, Catherine Oppenheim, Gaël Varoquaux

¹Inserm U894, Université Paris Descartes, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France. mlgrillon@gmail.com

Psychiatry Research

|November 10, 2012

Summary

Schizophrenia patients show abnormal brain activity during working memory tasks, particularly in initiating cognitive processes. This study highlights prefrontal cortex dysfunction in schizophrenia, impacting memory refreshing abilities.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Psychiatry

Background:

Previous studies indicate anomalous prefrontal cortex (PFC) and posterior cerebral area activations in schizophrenia during working memory tasks.
Interpretations include neural inefficiency, strategy differences, and altered cerebral cortex functional organization.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the cerebral underpinnings of the working memory refreshing process in schizophrenia.
To clarify the nature of abnormal brain activations observed in schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study with 15 patients with schizophrenia and 15 healthy controls.
Participants performed a working memory task involving reading words and a 'refresh' condition requiring recall of the preceding word.

Main Results:

The refresh condition showed significantly increased activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus in patients compared to controls.
Patients exhibited significantly decreased connectivity within the PFC and between PFC and parietal cortices during the refresh task.
These findings suggest impaired initiation of cognitive processes in schizophrenia.

Conclusions:

Prefrontal cortex dysfunctions in schizophrenia may stem from a defective ability to initiate cognitive processes, rather than execute them.
Working memory deficits in schizophrenia could be linked to impaired refreshing mechanisms.
The study provides insights into the neural basis of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.