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Karyotyping

Karyotyping

What is Meiosis?

What is Meiosis?

Meiosis is the process by which diploid cells divide to produce haploid daughter cells. In humans, each diploid cell contains 46 chromosomes, half from the mother and half from the father. Following meiosis, the resulting haploid eggs or sperm only contain 23 chromosomes; however, each of these chromosomes contains a unique combination of parental information that results from the meiotic process of crossing over.

Meiosis II

Meiosis II

Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each containing...

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Updated: May 17, 2026

Mouse Oocyte Microinjection, Maturation and Ploidy Assessment

Mouse Oocyte Microinjection, Maturation and Ploidy Assessment

Published on: July 23, 2011

Counting chromosomes in intact eggs.

Teresa Chiang¹, Michael A Lampson

¹Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|November 10, 2012

Summary

A new method accurately detects chromosome number variations in intact eggs, identifying both extra (hyperploidy) and missing (hypoploidy) chromosomes. This technique overcomes limitations of traditional methods that risk chromosome loss and only detect hyperploidy.

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Genetics
Reproductive Biology

Background:

Traditional chromosome-spreading techniques are standard for ploidy assessment in various cell types.
These methods often involve cell dissolution, which can lead to chromosome loss.
Consequently, conventional techniques are primarily limited to detecting hyperploidy (an excess of chromosomes).

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and describe a novel method for evaluating chromosome numbers.
To enable the accurate detection of both hyperploidy and hypoploidy (a deficit of chromosomes).
To overcome the limitations of existing chromosome-spreading techniques regarding chromosome loss and detection scope.

Main Methods:

A new technique was developed to assess chromosome numbers within intact eggs.

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This method avoids the cell dissolution step inherent in traditional procedures.

The intact cell approach allows for precise enumeration of chromosomes.

Main Results:

The described method accurately detects chromosome numbers in intact eggs.
Both hyperploidy and hypoploidy can be reliably identified using this technique.
The procedure minimizes the risk of chromosome loss associated with traditional methods.

Conclusions:

A novel, non-destructive method for chromosome number evaluation in eggs has been established.
This technique offers a more comprehensive assessment of ploidy by detecting both hyperploidy and hypoploidy.
The improved method enhances the accuracy and reliability of ploidy analysis in reproductive and genetic studies.