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Related Concept Videos

Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions01:26

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions

A drug interaction occurs when the concurrent use of another drug, food, or an external substance alters the pharmacological activity of a drug. This interaction can modify the action of the original drug, affecting its effectiveness and safety.Drug–food interactions are significant as they impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. For example, grapefruit juice is a well-known disruptor of drug metabolism. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, crucial for the metabolism of many...
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Using Zebrafish Models of Human Influenza A Virus Infections to Screen Antiviral Drugs and Characterize Host Immune Cell Responses
09:07

Using Zebrafish Models of Human Influenza A Virus Infections to Screen Antiviral Drugs and Characterize Host Immune Cell Responses

Published on: January 20, 2017

Methamphetamine reduces human influenza A virus replication.

Yun-Hsiang Chen1, Kuang-Lun Wu, Chia-Hsiang Chen

  • 1Division of Mental Health and Addiction Medicine, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.

Plos One
|November 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Methamphetamine (meth) use was found to decrease, not increase, influenza A virus replication in lung cells. This suggests meth may not be a significant risk factor for severe influenza illness in users.

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Co-immunoprecipitation of the Mouse Mx1 Protein with the Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein
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Co-immunoprecipitation of the Mouse Mx1 Protein with the Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

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09:39

Co-immunoprecipitation of the Mouse Mx1 Protein with the Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein

Published on: April 21, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Methamphetamine (meth) is a widely abused psychostimulant linked to increased infection risk.
  • Influenza A virus causes significant respiratory disease globally.
  • The impact of meth on influenza A virus replication and severity is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of methamphetamine on influenza A virus replication in human lung cells.
  • To determine if meth enhances or inhibits influenza A virus propagation and infection susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Human lung epithelial A549 cells were exposed to methamphetamine.
  • Cells were infected with human influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus.
  • Viral replication was assessed via plaque assays; protein expression was analyzed using Western blotting and immunofluorescence.

Main Results:

  • Methamphetamine significantly reduced influenza A virus propagation and infection susceptibility in lung cells.
  • A decrease in viral protein synthesis was observed.
  • Meth's effects were not attributed to enhanced interferon responses, reduced viral activity, or decreased cell viability.

Conclusions:

  • Methamphetamine may not be a significant risk factor for influenza A virus infection severity in abusers.
  • The mechanism of meth-induced attenuation of influenza replication requires further study.
  • Findings suggest potential for structurally similar compounds as anti-influenza agents.