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Using Whole Mount in situ Hybridization to Link Molecular and Organismal Biology
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Canid hybridization: contemporary evolution in human-modified landscapes.

Astrid V Stronen1, Nathalie Tessier, Hélène Jolicoeur

  • 1Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.

Ecology and Evolution
|November 10, 2012
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Summary

Human-induced hybridization is more common in historically separated species. This study found higher wolf-coyote hybridization rates in Quebec, where coyotes are a newer presence, than on the Canadian Prairies.

Keywords:
CanisAllopatrycoyotehybridizationsympatrywolf

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Conservation Genetics
  • Wildlife Ecology

Background:

  • Human activities are driving species range shifts and increasing opportunities for hybridization.
  • Formerly allopatric species are particularly vulnerable to hybridization when they come into contact.
  • Coyotes (Canis latrans) have expanded their range, encountering gray wolves (C. lupus) in new areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency and genetic basis of wolf-coyote hybridization in different regions of Canada.
  • To compare hybridization levels in areas of historical sympatry versus recent contact.
  • To understand the role of range expansion in contemporary evolution via hybridization.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and 12 microsatellite markers.
  • Sampling of wolves and coyotes from the Canadian Prairies (historical sympatry) and Quebec (recent sympatry).
  • Genetic profiling to identify hybrid individuals and assess population structure.

Main Results:

  • Wolves with New World (NW) mtDNA haplotypes were found across a wide range in Canada.
  • Hybridization rates were higher in Quebec (37.4% of wolves, 12.6% of coyotes) compared to the Canadian Prairies (9.2% of wolves, 6.3% of coyotes).
  • Populations with both NW and Old World (C. lupus) mtDNA appear integrated in both study regions.

Conclusions:

  • Hybridization is more frequent in historically allopatric populations that have recently come into contact.
  • Range shifts, exacerbated by climate change and human influence, can promote contemporary evolution through hybridization.
  • Understanding hybridization dynamics is crucial for wildlife management and conservation efforts.