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Related Concept Videos

Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion01:22

Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

The kidneys maintain homeostasis through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Tubular reabsorption and secretion are crucial in forming urine and regulating electrolytes, water balance, and waste elimination.Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion ProcessesTubular reabsorption is the process that reclaims essential substances such as electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and water from the glomerular filtrate back into the bloodstream. This is achieved through passive and active transport...
Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
Reabsorption and Secretion in the Loop of Henle01:17

Reabsorption and Secretion in the Loop of Henle

The thick ascending limb of the nephron loop has Na+–K+–2Cl− symporters in the apical membranes of its cells. These symporters simultaneously reclaim one sodium ion, one potassium ion, and two chloride ions from the tubular fluid. Sodium ions are actively transported into the interstitial fluid at the base and sides of the cell, diffusing into the vasa recta. Chloride ions move through leakage channels in the basolateral membrane into the interstitial fluid and then into the vasa recta.
Reabsorption and Secretion in the DCT and Collecting Duct01:26

Reabsorption and Secretion in the DCT and Collecting Duct

The early phase of the DCT manages the reabsorption of approximately 10-15% of filtered water, 5–10% of filtered sodium, and 5–10% of filtered chloride. This process is facilitated by Na+–Cl− symporters in apical membranes and sodium-potassium pumps, as well as Cl− leakage channels in basolateral membranes. The early DCT also stands out as a site where parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates calcium reabsorption, depending on the body's requirements.
The distal part of the DCT, along with the...
Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma happens...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Implementing Patch Clamp and Live Fluorescence Microscopy to Monitor Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated PKD Epithelium
08:46

Implementing Patch Clamp and Live Fluorescence Microscopy to Monitor Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated PKD Epithelium

Published on: September 1, 2015

Claudins and the kidney.

Jianghui Hou1, Madhumitha Rajagopal, Alan S L Yu

  • 1Renal Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.

Annual Review of Physiology
|November 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Claudins are key proteins forming kidney tight junctions, regulating ion and water flow. Specific claudins control permeability in different kidney segments, impacting electrolyte balance and disease.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Implementing Patch Clamp and Live Fluorescence Microscopy to Monitor Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated PKD Epithelium
08:46

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Published on: September 1, 2015

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08:53

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Published on: August 9, 2014

Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection
10:15

Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection

Published on: November 10, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Claudins are integral membrane proteins essential for tight junction formation in renal epithelia.
  • They regulate paracellular permeability to ions, solutes, and water.
  • The first extracellular domain of claudins is critical for pore formation and charge selectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the specific roles of various claudins in different segments of the nephron.
  • To understand how claudin expression dictates renal paracellular transport properties.
  • To highlight the involvement of claudins in kidney diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of claudin expression patterns across nephron segments.
  • Investigating the functional contribution of specific claudins to paracellular pathways.
  • Reviewing genetic studies linking claudin mutations to renal pathologies.

Main Results:

  • Claudin-2 identified as the cation-reabsorptive pathway in the proximal tubule.
  • Claudin-14, -16, and -19 form a complex regulating calcium transport in the thick ascending limb.
  • Claudin-4, -7, and -8 determine chloride permeability in the collecting duct.

Conclusions:

  • Differential expression of claudins in nephron segments dictates segment-specific permeability.
  • Mutations in claudins like CL16 and CL19 are linked to familial hypercalciuric hypomagnesemia.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the role of other claudins in kidney disease.