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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is a relatively...
Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich with the analogy of...
SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

A Fluorescence-based Assay of Phospholipid Scramblase Activity
09:52

A Fluorescence-based Assay of Phospholipid Scramblase Activity

Published on: September 20, 2016

Flip-flopping to the membrane.

Catherine L Salussolia1, Lonnie P Wollmuth

  • 1Department of Neurobiology and Behavior & Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5230, USA.

Neuron
|November 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals a new way glutamate signaling fidelity is altered to support homeostatic synaptic plasticity. This mechanism helps synapses adapt to changing activity levels.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Synaptic Plasticity
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Excitatory synapses utilize glutamate, a key neurotransmitter.
  • Synaptic function is dynamic and changes with neural activity.
  • Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is crucial for maintaining neural network stability.

Discussion:

  • Penn et al. (2012) identified a novel mechanism impacting glutamate signaling fidelity.
  • This mechanism contributes to activity-dependent changes in synaptic function.
  • Understanding these changes is vital for comprehending neural adaptation.

Key Insights:

  • A new molecular mechanism regulating glutamate signaling fidelity was discovered.
  • This mechanism plays a role in maintaining homeostatic synaptic plasticity.

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Imaging Plasma Membrane Deformations With pTIRFM
12:28

Imaging Plasma Membrane Deformations With pTIRFM

Published on: April 2, 2014

Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy as a Unique Probe for Lipid Membrane Dynamics and Membrane-Protein Interactions
10:02

Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy as a Unique Probe for Lipid Membrane Dynamics and Membrane-Protein Interactions

Published on: May 27, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

A Fluorescence-based Assay of Phospholipid Scramblase Activity
09:52

A Fluorescence-based Assay of Phospholipid Scramblase Activity

Published on: September 20, 2016

Imaging Plasma Membrane Deformations With pTIRFM
12:28

Imaging Plasma Membrane Deformations With pTIRFM

Published on: April 2, 2014

Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy as a Unique Probe for Lipid Membrane Dynamics and Membrane-Protein Interactions
10:02

Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy as a Unique Probe for Lipid Membrane Dynamics and Membrane-Protein Interactions

Published on: May 27, 2021

  • The findings offer insights into how synapses adapt to altered activity.
  • Outlook:

    • Further research can explore the specific molecular players involved.
    • This discovery may open new avenues for understanding neurological disorders.
    • Investigating this mechanism could lead to therapeutic strategies for synaptic dysfunction.