Cross-sectional associations between macronutrient intake and chronic kidney disease in a population at high...

The aim was to examine the associations between macronutrient intake and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) or microalbuminuria (MiA) in individuals at high cardiovascular risk.

Cross-sectional analyses conducted in 2123 nondiabetic individuals from the PREDIMED study. Dietary data were collected using a food-frequency questionnaire. Analysis of covariance was used to assess associations between quartiles of nutrient intake and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). The odds ratio (OR) for the presence of CKD or MiA according to quartiles of nutrient intake was assessed by logistic regression models.

Individuals in the highest quartile of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake showed lower average eGFR. Individuals in the top quartile of fiber intake had a decreased risk of CKD [OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.48-0.95]. Conversely, subjects in the highest quartile of n-6 PUFA intake showed an increased risk of CKD [OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.03-2.01]. No significant associations were found between the intake of other macronutrients and eGFR, urinary ACR or risk of CKD or MiA.

A high fiber intake was associated with a decreased risk of CKD, while a high n-6 PUFA intake was inversely associated with eGFR and directly associated with an increased risk of CKD.