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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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Updated: May 17, 2026

A Technique to Simultaneously Visualize Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells and Virus-Infected Cells In situ

A Technique to Simultaneously Visualize Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells and Virus-Infected Cells In situ

Published on: August 13, 2009

Viral interference with antigen presentation: trapping TAP.

Maaike E Ressing¹, Rutger D Luteijn, Daniëlle Horst

¹Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Molecular Immunology

|November 13, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Herpesviruses evade immune detection by producing viral TAP inhibitors. These proteins block peptide transport into the endoplasmic reticulum, preventing cytotoxic T cell recognition and enabling lifelong infections.

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Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector

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Published on: November 28, 2018

Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Structural Biology

Background:

Herpesviruses establish lifelong infections despite host immunity.
Viruses employ immune evasion strategies, including targeting antigen presentation.
The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is crucial for MHC class I antigen presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review mechanisms of viral gene products that inhibit TAP function.
To explore the convergent evolution of TAP inhibitors across herpesvirus subfamilies.
To discuss the implications of TAP inhibition for viral pathogenesis and cellular processes.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on viral TAP inhibitors.
Analysis of the mechanisms of action of different viral TAP inhibitors.
Examination of structural and genomic data of TAP inhibitors.

Main Results:

Viral TAP inhibitors prevent peptide translocation into the ER, blocking MHC class I loading.
TAP inhibitors have evolved independently across herpesvirus subfamilies, showing functional convergent evolution.
Cowpox virus also encodes a TAP inhibitor, expanding the known repertoire of viral TAP inhibitors.

Conclusions:

Understanding viral TAP inhibitors reveals insights into viral pathogenesis and cellular peptide translocation.
Crystal structures of TAP-inhibitor complexes are expected to elucidate TAP's mechanism of peptide transport.
Viral TAP inhibitors have potential clinical applications in immunotherapy, vaccination, and transplantation.