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[Trisomy 21 and cancers].

W Ayed1, L Gouas, F Penault-Llorca

  • 1Université Clermont 1, UFR médecine, cytologie histologie embryologie cytogénétique, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Morphologie : Bulletin De L'Association Des Anatomistes
|November 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a significantly higher risk of leukemia but a lower risk of solid tumors. This review explores the genetic and cellular mechanisms behind these distinct cancer profiles in DS patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Oncology
  • Developmental Biology

Context:

  • Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy 21, is associated with a unique cancer incidence profile.
  • DS patients exhibit a 50-fold increased risk of childhood leukemia, often preceded by transient myelodysplastic disorder.
  • Conversely, DS individuals show a reduced risk of adult solid tumors, though specific rare cancers like retinoblastoma and lymphoma are more frequent.

Purpose:

  • To review the proposed mechanisms influencing tumor development in Down syndrome.
  • To analyze the dualistic impact of trisomy 21 on leukemia and solid tumor risks.
  • To explore the roles of gene dosage, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and cell-matrix interactions in DS tumorigenesis.

Summary:

  • Down syndrome patients display a distinct tumoral profile, characterized by elevated childhood leukemia rates and decreased adult solid tumor incidence.
  • Mechanisms under investigation include the gene dosage effects of chromosome 21-located oncogenes and tumor suppressors.
  • Tumor angiogenesis, apoptosis regulation, and epithelial cell-stroma interactions are also implicated in the altered cancer landscape of DS.

Impact:

  • Provides insights into the complex interplay between genetic factors and cancer development in Down syndrome.
  • Highlights potential therapeutic targets by elucidating the molecular pathways governing differential cancer risks in DS.
  • Contributes to a better understanding of cancer biology and risk stratification in individuals with chromosomal abnormalities.