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Related Concept Videos

Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
Fast Reactions01:27

Fast Reactions

Fast reactions occurring in times shorter than the time needed to mix reactants pose a unique challenge for investigation. In a liquid-phase continuous-flow system, reactants A and B are swiftly pushed into the mixing chamber, where mixing occurs within 1 ms. The reaction mixture then flows through an observation tube, and one measures light absorption to determine species concentrations at various points of the tube. This method is most appropriate when relatively large volumes of reactants...
Oxygenic Photosynthesis01:26

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate light...
Anoxygenic Photosynthesis01:30

Anoxygenic Photosynthesis

Anoxygenic photosynthesis is a phototrophic process that captures light energy to drive carbon fixation without producing molecular oxygen. Unlike oxygenic photosynthesis, which utilizes water as an electron donor and releases oxygen, anoxygenic phototrophs use alternative electron donors such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), elemental sulfur (S⁰), or thiosulfate (S₂O₃²⁻). This process is carried out by diverse groups of bacteria, including purple bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, heliobacteria, and...
Phase I Oxidative Reactions: Overview01:19

Phase I Oxidative Reactions: Overview

Phase I biotransformation, or functionalization, is a crucial chemical process that converts drugs and other xenobiotics into more water-soluble forms, facilitating expulsion from the body. It involves oxidative, reductive, and hydrolytic reactions that add or unveil polar functional groups on lipophilic substrates. Key players in phase I reactions are the mixed-function oxidases. Situated in liver cell microsomes, these enzymes predominantly carry out drug metabolism. They require molecular...
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Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation
09:58

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation

Published on: May 22, 2016

Batch to flow deoxygenation using visible light photoredox catalysis.

John D Nguyen1, Barbara Reiss, Chunhui Dai

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA, USA.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|November 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A novel one-pot method efficiently removes oxygen from alcohols using Garegg-Samuelsson reaction, photoredox catalysis, and flow chemistry. This sustainable approach offers mild conditions and broad functional group tolerance for chemical synthesis.

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation
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Monitoring the Reductive and Oxidative Half-Reactions of a Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase using Stopped-Flow Spectrophotometry
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Monitoring the Reductive and Oxidative Half-Reactions of a Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase using Stopped-Flow Spectrophotometry

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Time-resolved Photophysical Characterization of Triplet-harvesting Organic Compounds at an Oxygen-free Environment Using an iCCD Camera
06:08

Time-resolved Photophysical Characterization of Triplet-harvesting Organic Compounds at an Oxygen-free Environment Using an iCCD Camera

Published on: December 27, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Deoxygenation is a crucial transformation in organic synthesis.
  • Traditional methods often require harsh conditions or specialized reagents.
  • Developing milder and more efficient deoxygenation protocols is an ongoing challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel one-pot deoxygenation protocol for alcohols.
  • To combine Garegg-Samuelsson reaction, visible light-photoredox catalysis, and flow chemistry for efficient deoxygenation.
  • To establish a mild, scalable, and functional-group-tolerant deoxygenation method.

Main Methods:

  • A one-pot procedure integrating Garegg-Samuelsson reaction, visible light-photoredox catalysis, and flow chemistry was employed.
  • Primary and secondary alcohols were used as substrates.
  • Reaction conditions were optimized for mildness and efficiency.

Main Results:

  • The protocol successfully achieved deoxygenation of primary and secondary alcohols.
  • The reaction proceeded under mild conditions with readily available reagents.
  • Excellent functional group tolerance and good yields were observed.
  • The use of flow chemistry facilitated efficient mixing and reaction control.

Conclusions:

  • The developed one-pot protocol offers an efficient and mild route for alcohol deoxygenation.
  • The combination of established reactions with modern catalytic and flow techniques provides a powerful synthetic tool.
  • This method holds promise for applications in complex molecule synthesis and process chemistry.