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Targeted treatments for cervical cancer: a review
Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza1, Víctor Hugo Bermúdez-Morales, Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
1Direction of Chronic Infections and Cancer, Research Center in Infection Diseases, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
Abstract:
Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in women worldwide and the development of new diagnosis, prognostic, and treatment strategies merits special attention. Although surgery and chemoradiotherapy can cure 80%-95% of women with early stage cancer, the recurrent and metastatic disease remains a major cause of cancer death. Many efforts have been made to design new drugs and develop gene therapies to treat cervical cancer. In recent decades, research on treatment strategies has proposed several options, including the role of HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes, which are retained and expressed in most cervical cancers and whose respective oncoproteins are critical to the induction and maintenance of the malignant phenotype. Other efforts have been focused on antitumor immunotherapy strategies. It is known that during the development of cervical cancer, a cascade of abnormal events is induced, including disruption of cellular cycle control, perturbation of antitumor immune response, alteration of gene expression, and deregulation of microRNA expression. Thus, in this review article we discuss potential targets for the treatment of cervical cancer associated with HPV infection, with special attention to immunotherapy approaches, clinical trials, siRNA molecules, and their implications as gene therapy strategies against cervical cancer development.
Insights
Cervical cancer treatment needs new strategies, especially for recurrent cases. This review explores immunotherapy and gene therapy targets, including HPV oncogenes and microRNAs, for effective cervical cancer treatment.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women globally.
- Early-stage cervical cancer is treatable, but recurrent and metastatic disease remains a significant challenge.
- Current research focuses on novel therapeutic strategies beyond traditional surgery and chemoradiotherapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review potential treatment targets for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical cancer.
- To highlight the role of immunotherapy and gene therapy in managing cervical cancer.
- To discuss the implications of HPV oncogenes, microRNAs, and clinical trials in developing new treatment strategies.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on cervical cancer treatment strategies.
- Focus on HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes and their role in cervical cancer development.
- Exploration of antitumor immunotherapy approaches and gene therapy modalities like siRNA molecules.
Main Results:
- HPV oncoproteins (E6 and E7) are crucial for cervical cancer induction and maintenance.
- Cervical cancer development involves immune response perturbation, altered gene expression, and microRNA deregulation.
- Immunotherapy and gene therapy present promising avenues for cervical cancer treatment.
Conclusions:
- Targeting HPV oncogenes and immune pathways offers potential for novel cervical cancer therapies.
- Gene therapy strategies, including siRNA, show promise for treating cervical cancer.
- Further research and clinical trials are essential to translate these findings into effective treatments for cervical cancer.
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