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ACE and AGTR1 polymorphisms in elite rhythmic gymnastics.

Alessandra Di Cagno1, Nadia Sapere, Marina Piazza

  • 1Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.

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The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) D allele genotype is more common in elite rhythmic gymnasts, suggesting it may contribute to high performance in this sport. This genetic factor could aid in identifying athletic talent.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Human Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism, specifically the Alu deletion (D allele), is linked to higher ACE serum activity.
  • Higher ACE activity is potentially associated with elite sprint and power performance, while the Alu insertion (I allele) is linked to endurance performance.
  • A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the angiotensin type 1 receptor gene (AGTR1) has also been related to ACE activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association of ACE and AGTR1 gene polymorphisms with elite performance in rhythmic gymnastics.
  • To compare the frequency of these polymorphisms between elite and middle-level rhythmic gymnasts.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of ACE (Alu insertion/deletion) and AGTR1 (A/C) polymorphisms.
  • Comparison of genotype and allele frequencies between elite (n=28) and middle-level (n=23) Italian rhythmic gymnasts.

Main Results:

  • The ACE D allele was significantly more frequent in elite athletes compared to the general population (p=0.04).
  • The ACE DD genotype was significantly more prevalent in elite rhythmic gymnasts than in middle-level athletes (p<0.0001), with an odds ratio of 6.48.
  • No significant differences were found in AGTR1 A/C genotype or allele distributions between the two groups of athletes.

Conclusions:

  • The ACE D allele genotype appears to be a contributing genetic factor for high-performance rhythmic gymnastics.
  • This finding could be valuable in athlete development programs for talent identification and specialized training recommendations.