Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Properties of Fourier Transform II01:24

Properties of Fourier Transform II

The Fourier Transform (FT) is an essential mathematical tool in signal processing, transforming a time-domain signal into its frequency-domain representation. This transformation elucidates the relationship between time and frequency domains through several properties, each revealing unique aspects of signal behavior.
The Frequency Shifting property of Fourier Transforms highlights that a shift in the frequency domain corresponds to a phase shift in the time domain. Mathematically, if x(t) has...
Aliasing01:18

Aliasing

Accurate signal sampling and reconstruction are crucial in various signal-processing applications. A time-domain signal's spectrum can be revealed using its Fourier transform. When this signal is sampled at a specific frequency, it results in multiple scaled replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain. The spacing of these replicas is determined by the sampling frequency.
If the sampling frequency is below the Nyquist rate, these replicas overlap, preventing the original signal...
Masking and Demasking Agents01:19

Masking and Demasking Agents

EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on the metal...
Scaling01:26

Scaling

In designing and analyzing filters, resonant circuits, or circuit analysis at large, working with standard element values like 1 ohm, 1 henry, or 1 farad can be convenient before scaling these values to more realistic figures. This approach is widely utilized by not employing realistic element values in numerous examples and problems; it simplifies mastering circuit analysis through convenient component values. The complexity of calculations is thereby reduced, with the understanding that...
Properties of Fourier Transform I01:21

Properties of Fourier Transform I

The application of Fourier Transform properties in radio broadcasting is multifaceted, enabling significant advancements in the way signals are transmitted and received. Key areas where these properties are utilized include simultaneous multi-channel transmission, audio clip speed adjustments, live broadcast delays for different time zones, audio frequency adjustments, and signal demodulation.
In radio broadcasting, multiple audio signals often need to be transmitted simultaneously. The Fourier...
Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:24

Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

Proportional-Derivative (PD) controllers are widely used in fan control systems to improve stability and performance. A fan control system can be effectively represented using a Bode plot to illustrate the impact of a PD controller through its transfer function. The Bode plot visually conveys how PD control modifies the fan's response across various frequencies, providing a frequency domain interpretation of the controller's behavior.
The proportional control gain, combined with the system's...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mechanisms of auditory enhancement in younger and older adults.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2025
Same author

Forward masking of amplitude modulation: Sensory versus perceptual components.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2025
Same author

Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of Ethanoanthracenes and Related Compounds: Antiproliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL).

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Synthesis and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Nitrovinylanthracenes and Related Compounds in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) and Burkitt's Lymphoma (BL).

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Individual differences in speech-on-speech masking are correlated with cognitive and visual task performance.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2023
Same author

Can Methotrexate Be Employed as Monotherapy for Bullous Pemphigoid? Analysis of Efficiency and Tolerance of Methotrexate Treatment in Patients with Bullous Pemphigoid.

Journal of clinical medicine·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Forward masking of frequency modulation.

Andrew J Byrne1, Magdalena Wojtczak, Neal F Viemeister

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA. byrn0050@umn.edu

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|November 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Forward masking of frequency modulation (FM) was studied using different maskers. Results show FM maskers significantly raise detection thresholds, suggesting neural adaptation to FM is key.

Area of Science:

  • Auditory perception
  • Psychoacoustics
  • Signal processing

Background:

  • Forward masking is crucial for understanding auditory processing.
  • Frequency modulation (FM) detection is fundamental to speech and music perception.
  • Investigating FM masking helps elucidate neural mechanisms in the auditory system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate forward masking effects using various masker types for sinusoidal frequency modulation (FM).
  • To determine the contribution of FM-to-AM conversion to FM forward masking.
  • To explore the influence of masker properties and delay on FM forward masking.

Main Methods:

  • Measured forward masking of FM signals using FM, amplitude modulation (AM), and random-phase FM maskers.
  • Varied FM signal rates (5, 20, 40 Hz) and masker-signal delays.

More Related Videos

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

  • Tested on 4-kHz and 500-Hz carriers.

    • Main Results:

    • FM maskers increased detection thresholds by approximately fivefold.
    • AM maskers had a minimal effect, indicating limited FM-to-AM conversion contribution.
    • Masking showed nonmonotonic dependence on FM masker depth and broad FM-rate selectivity.
    • Slow recovery from masking was observed, with residual effects up to 500 ms.

    Conclusions:

    • FM forward masking is primarily driven by mechanisms other than spectral analysis or FM-to-AM conversion.
    • Results suggest modulation-rate selective neural adaptation to FM.
    • The findings align with previous research on AM forward masking.