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The ABO Blood Group

The ABO Blood Group

The ABO blood group system is a critical element of transfusion medicine, essential for determining blood compatibility in transfusions and organ transplants. It is based on specific antigens, or agglutinogens, present on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) and corresponding antibodies, or agglutinins, in the blood plasma.
Antigens in the ABO Blood Group System
Antigens are substances that can trigger an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies. In the ABO blood group system,...

Blood Types

Blood Types

Human blood is classified into different types based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cell's surface and antibodies in the plasma. Proper identification of blood type is essential for successful blood transfusion. The International Society of Blood Transfusion has identified 38 human blood types based on the surface antigens on the red blood cells. The most common types are ABO, Rh, and MNS blood types.
ABO blood group
ABO antigens are glycoproteins encoded by genes present on...

Blood Typing

Blood Typing

Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target antigens A,...

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...

Blood Transfusion

Blood Transfusion

Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
Blood Transfusion Overview
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...

Rh Blood Group

Rh Blood Group

The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

A Uniform Shear Assay for Human Platelet and Cell Surface Receptors via Cone-plate Viscometry

A Uniform Shear Assay for Human Platelet and Cell Surface Receptors via Cone-plate Viscometry

Published on: June 5, 2019

Relationship between ABO genotype and A antigen expression on platelets.

Michelle E DeLelys¹, Gorka Ochoa, Christine M Cserti-Gazdewich

¹Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.

|November 14, 2012

Summary

Platelet ABH antigen expression varies predictably with blood group genotype. This finding may impact ABO-incompatible platelet transfusions.

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Analyzing Platelet Subpopulations by Multi-color Flow Cytometry

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

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Analyzing Platelet Subpopulations by Multi-color Flow Cytometry

Analyzing Platelet Subpopulations by Multi-color Flow Cytometry

Published on: June 10, 2025

Area of Science:

Immunology
Genetics
Hematology

Background:

Platelets (PLTs) express ABH antigens, but expression levels differ from red blood cells.
The relationship between platelet ABH antigen expression and specific genotypes is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the correlation between platelet ABH antigen expression and ABO genotype.
To determine if platelet ABH antigen expression patterns are predictable based on genetic makeup.

Main Methods:

Quantified blood group H and A antigens on platelets from 100 volunteers using flow cytometry.
Genotyped individuals at the ABO locus to determine their blood group genotype.

Main Results:

Significant variation in H and A antigen expression was observed on platelets among individuals.
H antigen expression was significantly higher than A antigen expression in group A and AB individuals (p < 0.0001).
Platelet H-to-A antigen ratio showed a predictable pattern across genotypes (A1/A1 < A1/O < A2/A2 < A2/O), unaffected by secretor status.

Conclusions:

Platelet A and H antigen expression levels are directly and predictably influenced by ABO genotype.
Flow cytometry and genotyping can identify individuals with strong A antigen expression on platelets, relevant for ABO-incompatible platelet transfusions.