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Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...
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Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
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QTL Mapping and CRISPR/Cas9 Editing to Identify a Drug Resistance Gene in Toxoplasma gondii
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Can inhA mutation predict ethionamide resistance?

V Vadwai1, K Ajbani, M Jose

  • 1P D Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India.

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
|November 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

An inhA promoter mutation is linked to ethionamide (ETH) resistance in isoniazid (INH)-resistant tuberculosis strains in India. This finding suggests inhA mutations can predict ETH resistance, aiding treatment decisions.

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Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms
08:46

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms

Published on: December 9, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, with drug resistance complicating treatment outcomes.
  • Isoniazid (INH) and ethionamide (ETH) are crucial drugs for TB treatment, but resistance can emerge.
  • The inhA gene is a common target for INH resistance, and its mutations may influence susceptibility to other drugs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between inhA gene mutations and ethionamide (ETH) resistance in isoniazid (INH)-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains.
  • To evaluate the potential of inhA mutations as a marker for predicting ETH resistance in the Indian context.

Main Methods:

  • Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) for INH and ETH was performed on 140 clinical isolates.
  • Molecular analysis using the line-probe assay (LPA) Genotype® MTBDRplus was conducted to detect mutations, specifically in the inhA promoter region.
  • Statistical analysis was used to determine the significance of the association between inhA mutations and ETH resistance.

Main Results:

  • Out of 112 INH-resistant strains, 61.6% (69 strains) were also resistant to ETH.
  • Mutations in the inhA promoter region were found in 21.4% (24 strains) of INH-resistant isolates.
  • A significant proportion (87.5%) of isolates with an inhA promoter mutation exhibited co-resistance to ETH (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

  • The presence of an inhA promoter mutation is strongly associated with ETH resistance in TB strains.
  • inhA mutations can serve as a reliable molecular marker for predicting ETH resistance in India.
  • Expanding the use of LPA for detecting inhA mutations can aid in early identification of co-resistance and guide appropriate TB treatment strategies.