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Effects of Chemicals: Overview01:27

Effects of Chemicals: Overview

Drugs, encompassing various chemical compounds from natural sources, lab synthesis, or genetic engineering, elicit different biological responses in living organisms. Some of these responses are desirable or therapeutic, while others are undesirable. The primary goal of administering a drug is to achieve a therapeutic effect, that is, to address a specific disease or health condition. Any concurrent effects outside of this therapeutic outcome are considered undesirable. These undesirable...

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In vitro Cell Culture Model for Toxic Inhaled Chemical Testing
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Mixtures research at NIEHS: an evolving program.

Cynthia V Rider1, Danielle J Carlin, Micheal J Devito

  • 1Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 111 Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.

Toxicology
|November 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) is coordinating its research on chemical mixtures to better understand their toxicity and improve human health risk assessments. Future efforts will integrate various data sources and expert collaborations.

Keywords:
Co-exposureCombined exposuresCumulativeMulti-pollutantStressors

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health Sciences
  • Toxicology
  • Risk Assessment

Background:

  • The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) has a long history of studying the toxicity of diverse chemical mixtures.
  • Previous research by the Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP) and the Division of Extramural Research and Training (DERT) has covered a wide array of environmental contaminants and toxicants.
  • These studies have yielded valuable data for human health risk assessment, particularly concerning low-dose exposures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To coordinate and enhance NIEHS's efforts in mixtures research across intramural and extramural divisions.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and challenges in evaluating chemical mixtures and performing cumulative risk assessments.
  • To establish a future strategic direction for NIEHS mixtures research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of past and ongoing mixtures research within NIEHS (DNTP and DERT).
  • Solicitation of feedback via a Request for Information (RFI) on knowledge gaps and roadblocks.
  • Convening a workshop with experts in risk assessment, exposure science, biology, epidemiology, and statistics.

Main Results:

  • NIEHS has historically studied various mixtures, including groundwater contaminants, pesticides, air pollution, and metals.
  • Current research efforts were primarily driven by specific nominations or investigator-initiated studies.
  • A new coordinated approach is being implemented to maximize research outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • NIEHS is proactively coordinating its mixtures research to address complex environmental health questions.
  • Future research will be informed by expert input and aim to fill critical knowledge gaps in cumulative risk assessment.
  • The coordinated strategy will incorporate DNTP nominations, extramural studies, and inter-agency collaborations.