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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Evaluation of Blood Lactate and Plasma Insulin During High-intensity Exercise by Antecubital Vein Catheterization

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Published on: May 18, 2018

Diabetes in the competitive athlete.

George D Harris¹, Russell D White

¹Department of Community & Family Medicine, Sports Medicine Fellowship Program, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.

Current Sports Medicine Reports

|November 14, 2012

Summary

Managing diabetes mellitus in athletes is complex due to exercise

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Sports Medicine
Metabolic Diseases

Background:

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia.
Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90% of cases.
Athletes with diabetes face unique management challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of diabetes mellitus.
To discuss the effects of exercise on glucose levels.
To review complications in managing diabetes in athletes.

Main Methods:

Literature review of diabetes mellitus.
Analysis of exercise physiology and glucose regulation.
Examination of potential complications in athletic populations.

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Published on: March 20, 2017

Static Strength Training Method for Type 2 Diabetic Mice

Static Strength Training Method for Type 2 Diabetic Mice

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Evaluation of Blood Lactate and Plasma Insulin During High-intensity Exercise by Antecubital Vein Catheterization

Evaluation of Blood Lactate and Plasma Insulin During High-intensity Exercise by Antecubital Vein Catheterization

Published on: May 18, 2018

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

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Static Strength Training Method for Type 2 Diabetic Mice

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Main Results:

Exercise significantly impacts glucose levels through various physiological factors.
Factors include stress, hydration, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and hormone secretion.
Specific sports and exercise types influence diabetes management differently.

Conclusions:

Athletes with diabetes require specialized care.
Understanding exercise's effects is crucial for glucose control.
Potential complications must be carefully managed for athlete well-being.