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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual remembers mundane...

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Related Experiment Videos

Insurance-and race-related disparities decrease in elderly trauma patients.

Matthew B Singer1, Douglas Z Liou, Morgan A Clond

  • 1Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.

The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery
|November 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Health insurance type and race significantly impact mortality in younger trauma patients. However, these disparities are notably reduced in elderly trauma patients, primarily covered by Medicare.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Trauma care research
  • Health services research
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Limited research exists on healthcare disparities among elderly individuals, a demographic predominantly covered by public insurance.
  • This study investigates insurance type and race in elderly trauma patients to assess their impact on mortality.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for addressing healthcare inequities in this vulnerable population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize insurance types and racial demographics among elderly trauma patients.
  • To determine if lack of insurance or minority status predict increased mortality in elderly trauma patients compared to younger counterparts.
  • To analyze the influence of insurance and race on in-hospital mortality in adult blunt trauma patients.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the National Trauma Data Bank (version 7.0) for adult blunt trauma patients.
  • Stratified patients into two cohorts: 15-64 years and ≥ 65 years (Medicare-eligible).
  • Employed multiple logistic regression to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality, controlling for confounding variables.

Main Results:

  • Elderly trauma patients predominantly have Medicare (64.6%), with only 6.0% uninsured, unlike younger patients who are mostly privately insured (41.0%) and more likely uninsured (26.9%).
  • In younger patients, minority race and ethnicity predicted higher mortality, while insurance type influenced outcomes.
  • In elderly patients, Hispanic ethnicity predicted increased mortality, and Asian race was protective; however, disparities related to insurance and race were significantly reduced compared to younger patients.

Conclusions:

  • Elderly trauma patients are primarily insured by Medicare, contrasting with the private insurance prevalent in younger trauma patients.
  • Lack of insurance and minority status disparities, significant in younger trauma patients, are substantially reduced in the elderly population.
  • Findings highlight a narrowing of healthcare disparities in trauma care for the elderly, likely due to universal Medicare coverage.