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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...

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Related Experiment Video

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Surgical Treatment of an Endolymphatic Sac Tumor
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Malignant otitis externa.

Emin Karaman1, Mehmet Yilmaz, Metin Ibrahimov

  • 1Otolaryngology Department, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|November 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Malignant otitis externa, a severe infection, requires controlling diabetes and treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Effective management includes antibiotics, debridement, and sometimes surgery, leading to improved outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Malignant otitis externa (MOE) is a severe skull base infection, primarily affecting elderly patients with diabetes mellitus.
  • This condition presents significant morbidity and mortality, often involving cranial nerve complications.
  • Prompt diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing MOE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a 5-year institutional experience in managing malignant otitis externa.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of current treatment protocols for MOE.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 10 patients diagnosed with MOE between 2007 and 2012.
  • Analysis of patient records including diabetes mellitus status, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, microbiological cultures, CT scans, and radionuclide scans (Technetium-99, Gallium-67).

Main Results:

  • Ten patients (7 male, 3 female, aged 64-83) were treated for MOE.
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common pathogen identified.
  • Combined treatment of diabetes control, antibiotics, and debridement was effective; surgical intervention and hyperbaric oxygen were used in select cases, including facial nerve palsy.

Conclusions:

  • Malignant otitis externa remains a serious infection with high complication rates.
  • Effective treatment necessitates controlling diabetes, combating infection with appropriate antibiotics, debriding necrotic tissue, and potentially surgical management.
  • Therapeutic response is monitored via normalization of inflammatory markers and imaging studies.