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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
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In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

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Endocrine and metabolic emergencies: thyroid storm.

Richard Carroll1, Glenn Matfin

  • 1Glenn Matfin, MSc (Oxon), MB ChB, FFPM, FACE, FACP, FRCP Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; and Division of Endocrinology, New York University School of Medicine New York, NY, USA.

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism
|November 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Thyrotoxicosis is a common endocrine disorder. Thyroid storm, a severe form, involves organ dysfunction and has a high mortality rate, necessitating prompt medical attention.

Keywords:
hyperthyroidismthyroid stormthyrotoxic crisisthyrotoxicosis

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Mixed Reality Assisted Radical Endoscopic Thyroidectomy
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Mixed Reality Assisted Radical Endoscopic Thyroidectomy

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
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Published on: October 6, 2023

Mixed Reality Assisted Radical Endoscopic Thyroidectomy
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Mixed Reality Assisted Radical Endoscopic Thyroidectomy

Published on: January 31, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Thyrotoxicosis is a prevalent endocrine condition with diverse etiologies.
  • Thyroid storm, or thyrotoxic crisis, is the most severe manifestation of thyrotoxicosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical nature of thyroid storm as an endocrine emergency.
  • To emphasize the importance of prompt diagnosis and management in improving patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • This abstract discusses the clinical presentation and significance of thyroid storm.
  • It reviews the characteristics of this severe endocrine condition.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid storm is defined by severe thyrotoxicosis with multi-organ dysfunction.
  • Despite its rarity, mortality rates remain high.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition and intervention are crucial for managing thyroid storm.
  • Prompt and specific treatments can significantly improve outcomes for patients experiencing this endocrine emergency.