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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...

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Updated: May 16, 2026

A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration
09:16

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Published on: January 22, 2016

Behavioral regulation in methamphetamine abusers: an fMRI study.

Ruth Salo1, Catherine Fassbender, Michael H Buonocore

  • 1Deparment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. resalo@ucdavis.edu

Psychiatry Research
|November 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Methamphetamine abusers show impaired cognitive flexibility, with reduced prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity and reaction time adjustments after conflict. These deficits in brain function are not linked to drug use patterns or education.

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A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
06:11

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Published on: February 20, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Previous research indicates abnormal prefrontal cortex (PFC) function in methamphetamine (MA) abusers.
  • Understanding the behavioral and neural correlates of cognitive deficits in MA abuse is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate trial-to-trial reaction time (RT) adjustments in MA abusers compared to controls.
  • To link functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data with behavioral, demographic, and drug use variables.
  • To examine the influence of response conflict on RT and PFC activation.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a fast event-related fMRI design with a Stroop task variant.
  • Recruited 30 MA abusers and 30 control subjects.
  • Measured reaction time adjustments and PFC activation after conflict trials.

Main Results:

  • MA abusers demonstrated reduced RT adjustments and decreased PFC activation post-conflict compared to controls.
  • A negative correlation between RT adjustment and PFC activity was found in MA abusers.
  • No significant correlations were found between task performance/brain activity and age, education, or drug use variables.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive flexibility, specifically the ability to adapt behavior based on experience, is compromised in MA abusers.
  • These impairments in behavioral adaptation and PFC function are independent of drug use patterns and educational background.