Differentiation of rat dermal papilla cells into fibroblast-like cells induced by transforming growth factor β1

The origin of wound-healing fibroblasts is still debated. Dermal papilla cells (DPCs), which are an important population of stem cells for the regeneration of hair follicles, play a considerable role in cutaneous wound healing. Based on the plasticity of DPCs in wound healing, we hypothesized that DPCs may contribute to the fibroblast population of wound repair.

To explore the possibility of differentiation of DPCs into fibroblasts induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1).

The fourth passage DPCs were treated with TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) for 4 days, and a series of methods was used to observe morphologic changes under an inverted phase contrast microscope, to validate the messenger ribonucleic acid expression change in α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR), to analyze the expression of α-SMA and vimentin protein by flow cytometry, and to semiquantitatively measure the expression of fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP1) by Western blot.

DPCs treated with TGF-β1 presented fibroblast-like changes in morphology and immunocytochemistry. The effects of TGF-β1 on α-SMA and vimentin in DPCs were detected on both the transcriptional and the posttranscriptional levels. The results showed that TGF-β1 significantly downregulated α-SMA expression and enhanced the expression of vimentin at all times tested. Further study revealed that TGF-β1 could gradually promote the expression of FSP1 in a time-dependent manner.

DPCs experienced the changes in molecular marker expression in response to TGF-β1, which may be a key source of fibroblasts in wound healing.