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Related Concept Videos

Perception01:28

Perception

Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Concepts and Prototypes01:24

Concepts and Prototypes

The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
The brain organizes this information using concepts, which are mental categories grouping linguistic data,...
Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process information is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
14:38

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

Creating objects and object categories for studying perception and perceptual learning.

Karin Hauffen1, Eugene Bart, Mark Brady

  • 1Brain and Behavior Discovery Institute, Georgia Health Sciences University, USA.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|November 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New computational methods, Virtual Morphogenesis and Virtual Phylogenesis, generate realistic 3D objects and categories for studying object perception and learning. These tools allow precise control and measurement of stimulus properties, overcoming limitations of existing techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational vision
  • Artificial intelligence
  • Cognitive science

Background:

  • Quantitative study of object perception requires precisely definable, naturalistic objects and categories.
  • Existing methods for creating novel objects have limitations in shape variation, complexity, and information measurement.
  • Perceptual learning studies benefit from novel object categories with controllable properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce novel computational algorithms for generating realistic 3D objects and categories.
  • To address limitations of existing methods in creating stimuli for object perception and learning research.
  • To enable quantitative analysis of object recognition and perceptual learning.

Main Methods:

  • Virtual Morphogenesis (VM) simulates embryogenesis to create novel 3D 'digital embryos'.
  • Virtual Phylogenesis (VP) simulates natural selection to create novel object categories.
  • Objects can be manipulated via morphing for systematic shape variations and rendered as visual or haptic stimuli.

Main Results:

  • VM and VP generate naturalistic objects and categories with independent shape variations.
  • The methods capture complex shapes and allow precise measurement and manipulation of information content.
  • Generated virtual objects can be rendered as images or 3D-printed haptic objects.

Conclusions:

  • Virtual morphogenesis and phylogenesis offer powerful, flexible tools for studying object recognition and perceptual learning.
  • These algorithms overcome key limitations of conventional stimulus generation methods.
  • The approach has potential applications in developmental biology and evolutionary studies.