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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation. For...
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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
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Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
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The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic symptoms in all...
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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...

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Updated: May 16, 2026

Dual Extracellular Recordings in the Mouse Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex
04:44

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Published on: February 16, 2024

Flupenthixol versus placebo for schizophrenia.

Xiaohong Shen1, Jun Xia, Clive E Adams

  • 1Shanghai Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China. stalashen@hotmail.com

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|November 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Flupenthixol, a schizophrenia treatment, showed potential in a small study, reducing the need for additional antipsychotics. However, more research is needed to confirm its absolute clinical effects and benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Flupenthixol has been a recognized treatment for schizophrenia since its introduction in the UK in 1965.
  • Decades of use highlight its established role in managing schizophrenia symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comparative analysis of flupenthixol's clinical efficacy against a placebo in schizophrenia patients.
  • To evaluate the absolute clinical effects of flupenthixol for schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register and other sources for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • Included one moderate-quality RCT comparing flupenthixol with placebo in adults diagnosed with schizophrenia.
  • Analyzed binary outcomes using risk ratios (RR) and Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Main Results:

  • A single small RCT (n=45) was included.
  • Flupenthixol treatment led to fewer instances of needing additional antipsychotic medication for general state deterioration compared to placebo (OR 0.19, CI 0.05 to 0.71).
  • No significant difference was observed in social functioning at one year (RR 1.33, CI 0.91 to 1.96); data on other outcomes were insufficient.

Conclusions:

  • Limited data exist on the absolute clinical effects of flupenthixol, a long-standing schizophrenia medication.
  • Despite data limitations, flupenthixol warrants further investigation due to its potential benefits and cost-effectiveness.
  • The scarcity of trials for an established drug like flupenthixol is noted as unusual.