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Related Concept Videos

DNA Topoisomerases02:02

DNA Topoisomerases

Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
Types and Mechanism of action
Topoisomerases are divided into two main types.  Type I...
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET
11:27

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Published on: June 28, 2014

Polyelectrolyte-assisted transconformation of a stem-loop DNA.

Jie Du1, Longliang Wu, Naohiko Shimada

  • 1Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744-CE11 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|November 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A cationic copolymer rapidly induced DNA dimerization, which was reversible by controlling copolymer activity. This DNA structural transformation offers potential for novel molecular switches.

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET
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Design and Synthesis of a Reconfigurable DNA Accordion Rack
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Published on: August 15, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Polymer Science
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • DNA nanotechnology utilizes DNA's unique structural properties for various applications.
  • Controlling DNA structural transitions is crucial for developing responsive molecular systems.
  • Cationic polymers can interact with negatively charged nucleic acids, influencing their conformation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of a cationic copolymer on the dimerization of a self-complementary stem-loop DNA.
  • To determine the kinetics of copolymer-induced DNA dimerization and dissociation.
  • To explore the reversibility of DNA structural changes by modulating copolymer activity.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of a cationic copolymer.
  • Preparation of a self-complementary stem-loop DNA sequence.
  • Spectroscopic techniques (e.g., UV-Vis, fluorescence) to monitor DNA structural changes.
  • Kinetic analysis to determine reaction rates.

Main Results:

  • The cationic copolymer effectively triggered the dimerization of the stem-loop DNA.
  • DNA dimerization occurred at a rate exceeding spontaneous dimer dissociation.
  • Reversible switching between stem-loop and dimer structures was achieved by controlling copolymer presence or activity.

Conclusions:

  • Cationic copolymers can act as effective triggers for DNA structural transitions.
  • The observed rapid and reversible dimerization demonstrates potential for DNA-based molecular switches.
  • This work provides a foundation for designing responsive DNA nanomaterials controlled by external stimuli.