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Related Concept Videos

The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

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New insights into replisome fluidity during chromosome replication.

Isabel Kurth1, Mike O'Donnell

  • 1Rockefeller University and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|November 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Recent advances reveal chromosomal DNA replication machinery is dynamic, utilizing additional factors beyond replisome components for efficient DNA duplication and lesion bypass.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Chromosomal DNA replication is essential for cell division and genomic stability.
  • The replisome, the complex machinery for DNA replication, was previously thought to be less dynamic.
  • Understanding the regulation of DNA replication is crucial for comprehending cell cycle control and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent paradigm-shifting advances in the composition and function of chromosomal DNA replication machinery.
  • To highlight the dynamic and fluid nature of replisomes.
  • To discuss regulatory layers beyond replisome components, including additional polymerases, post-transcriptional modifications, and chromatin structure.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing findings from recent studies.
  • It focuses on analyzing and integrating discoveries related to DNA replication fidelity and roadblock bypass.
  • The review specifically examines factors involved in lagging-strand synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Replisomes are highly fluid and dynamic, enabling efficient replication.
  • Roadblocks and template lesions can be rapidly and faithfully bypassed.
  • Regulation involves multiple layers, including factors beyond the core replisome, such as additional polymerases, epigenetic modifications, and chromatin organization.

Conclusions:

  • The chromosomal DNA replication machinery is more complex and regulated than previously understood.
  • Lagging-strand synthesis involves intricate mechanisms requiring multiple factors for completion.
  • Future research should continue to explore these regulatory layers for a comprehensive understanding of genome duplication.