Inverted Meckel's diverticulum as a cause of occult lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Meckel's diverticulum is a common asymptomatic congenital gastrointestinal anomaly, but rarely it can present with hemorrhage. Over the last few years inverted Meckel's diverticulum has been reported in the literature with increasing frequency as an occult source of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Here, we report a case of a 54-year-old male, who was referred for surgical evaluation with persistent anemia and occult blood per rectum after a work up which failed to localize the source over 12 mo, including upper and capsule endoscopy, colonoscopy, enteroclysis, Meckel scan, and tagged nuclear red blood cell scan. An abdominal computed tomography scan showed a possible mid-ileal intussusception and intraluminal mass. During the abdominal exploration, inverted Meckel's diverticulum was diagnosed and resected. We review the literature, discuss the forms in which the disease presents, the diagnostic modalities utilized, pathological findings, and treatment. Although less than 40 cases have been reported in the English literature from 1978 to 2005, 19 cases have been reported in the last 6 years alone (2006-2012) due to improved diagnostic modalities. Successful diagnosis and treatment of this disease requires a high index of clinical suspicion, which is becoming increasingly relevant to general gastroenterologists.