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Pharmacokinetics of nebulized terbinafine in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis)

Lee C Emery1, Sherry K Cox, Marcy J Souza

  • 1Class of 2013, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery
|November 20, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Nebulized terbinafine hydrochloride for avian aspergillosis showed short-lived plasma concentrations. Raw drug powder yielded longer therapeutic levels than crushed tablets, suggesting optimized delivery is needed for effective treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Avian Health

Background:

  • Aspergillosis is a challenging avian fungal disease.
  • Terbinafine hydrochloride presents potential advantages over traditional antifungals.
  • Nebulization may enhance antifungal treatment efficacy in avian lung diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine plasma concentrations of terbinafine after nebulization in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots.
  • To compare plasma terbinafine levels from two different nebulization solutions (crushed tablet vs. raw powder).

Main Methods:

  • Six Hispaniolan Amazon parrots were divided into two groups.
  • Birds were nebulized for 15 minutes with either a crushed tablet or raw powder terbinafine solution.
  • Plasma samples were collected up to 720 minutes post-nebulization and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Main Results:

  • The raw powder solution had a significantly higher terbinafine concentration than the crushed tablet solution.
  • No significant difference in plasma terbinafine concentrations was observed between the two groups.
  • Plasma terbinafine remained above in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations for approximately 1 hour (crushed tablet) and 4 hours (raw powder).

Conclusions:

  • Nebulized terbinafine achieved transient plasma concentrations in parrots.
  • The raw powder formulation provided a longer duration above minimum inhibitory concentrations compared to the crushed tablet.
  • Higher concentrations, longer nebulization, or more frequent administration may be necessary for therapeutic efficacy in avian aspergillosis.

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