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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies01:27

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies

Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History
Lung Capacity01:47

Lung Capacity

The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Respiratory Capacities01:24

Respiratory Capacities

Respiratory capacities are crucial indicators of lung function, representing the maximum amount of air an individual's respiratory system can handle during various breathing phases.
One key metric is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC), which represents the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled with full effort. IC is calculated by summing the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume, typically ranging from 2.4 to 3.6 liters.
The Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) represents the air in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Dual Test Gas Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity Measurement During Exercise in Humans Using the Single-Breath Method
08:44

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Published on: February 2, 2024

[Pulmonary function testing in Japan: present status and new developments].

Naoko Tojo1

  • 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan. tojo.mlab@tmd.ac.jp

Rinsho Byori. the Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology
|November 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pulmonary function testing guidelines in Japan need updating due to rapid advancements. Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) measurement, a valuable tool for airway inflammation, lacks insurance coverage despite standardization.

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Dual Test Gas Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity Measurement During Exercise in Humans Using the Single-Breath Method
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Published on: September 16, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Context:

  • The Japanese Respiratory Society's 2004 guidelines for pulmonary function tests (PFTs) require updating.
  • Current PFT prediction equations are not fully established.
  • Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) is a recognized biomarker for airway inflammation.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the need for updated PFT guidelines in Japan.
  • To discuss the potential of fractional nitric oxide in exhaled breath (FE(NO)) as a complementary diagnostic tool.
  • To address the current lack of insurance coverage for FE(NO) measurement in Japan.

Summary:

  • Japanese guidelines for standardized pulmonary function testing, last updated in 2004, are outdated.
  • Fractional nitric oxide in exhaled breath (FE(NO)) offers a noninvasive method for assessing airway inflammation.
  • Despite standardization for clinical use, FE(NO) measurement is not covered by Japanese public health insurance.

Impact:

  • Updated guidelines will ensure PFTs reflect current medical advancements.
  • Increased adoption of FE(NO) measurement could improve diagnosis and management of airway diseases.
  • Addressing insurance coverage for FE(NO) may enhance accessibility to advanced respiratory diagnostics in Japan.