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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by anesthetizing...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

An Efficient Single-Person Technique for Milk Sampling from Laboratory Mice
04:56

An Efficient Single-Person Technique for Milk Sampling from Laboratory Mice

Published on: March 28, 2025

Medication and breastfeeding.

A Varalda1, A Coscia, P Di Nicola

  • 1Neonatal Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy. ale.veralda@alice.it

Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents
|November 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Breastfeeding is ideal for infant and maternal health. Physicians must carefully weigh medication risks versus benefits for nursing mothers, as reliable drug safety information is often lacking.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Pharmacology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Breastfeeding offers significant health benefits for both infants and mothers.
  • Medication use by nursing mothers and physician recommendations are primary reasons for breastfeeding cessation.
  • Physicians face challenges in assessing medication safety during lactation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of physicians in guiding breastfeeding mothers regarding medication use.
  • To emphasize the need for accessible and reliable information on drug safety during breastfeeding.
  • To underscore the importance of understanding infant exposure to medications in breast milk.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current medical literature and reference materials on breastfeeding and pharmacology.
  • Analysis of factors influencing drug transfer into breast milk and infant exposure.
  • Assessment of physician's role in risk-benefit evaluation for maternal medication use.

Main Results:

  • Few medications are definitively contraindicated during breastfeeding.
  • Lack of comprehensive and reliable data exists for many drugs used by nursing mothers.
  • Physician's knowledge and access to information are crucial for informed decision-making.

Conclusions:

  • Physicians require updated resources to accurately advise on medication safety during breastfeeding.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms and consequences of infant drug exposure via breast milk.
  • Informed medical guidance can support continued breastfeeding while ensuring infant safety.