Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 16, 2026

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
Published on: June 14, 2019
Characterization of voice disorders in deployed and nondeployed US army soldiers
Gregory R Dion1, Courtney L Miller, Rosemarie G Ramos
1Department of Otolaryngology, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas 78234, USA. greg.r.dion@us.army.mil
Objectives/Hypothesis:
To evaluate voice disorder differences between deployed and nondeployed US army soldiers.
Study Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Methods:
More than 1.3 million health records of active duty US army soldiers with no history of dysphonia were queried for voice disorder diagnoses over a 3.5-year period. A sample of 292 soldiers was further evaluated for known factors linked to dysphonia.
Results:
US army soldiers were 1.13 times more likely to have a diagnosis of dysphonia if they were deployed. Risk factors and exposures common to patients with dysphonia were not statistically different between deployed and nondeployed soldiers. Additionally, the type of dysphonia diagnosis was not significantly different between deployed and nondeployed soldiers.
Conclusions:
US army soldiers deployed to war zones are more likely to be diagnosed with dysphonia. None of the reviewed parameters accounted for the difference in dysphonia rate between deployed and nondeployed soldiers, suggesting that occupational exposures of deployed soldiers account for the increase in the diagnoses of dysphonia.
Related Concept Videos
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation
Breath Sounds
Breath sounds are categorized into vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial.
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation
Palpation Findings
During a respiratory assessment, palpation can reveal several vital abnormalities:
Larynx
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids, corniculates, and...
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events, are a...
Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies
Medical History

