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Complement System01:27

Complement System

The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...

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Complement activation associated with polysorbate 80 in beagle dogs.

Shidong Qiu1, Zhaohua Liu, Li Hou

  • 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44# Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, P.R. China.

International Immunopharmacology
|November 20, 2012
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polysorbate 80 (Tween® 80) can trigger severe hypersensitivity reactions by activating the complement system, leading to cardiopulmonary distress. This study highlights potential risks associated with its clinical use.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Polysorbate 80 (Tween® 80) is a widely used surfactant in parenteral drug formulations.
  • Despite FDA approval for intravenous use, Tween® 80 is linked to non-immune anaphylactic reactions (pseudoallergy).
  • These reactions involve histamine release but typically not IgE antibodies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the non-immune anaphylactic mechanisms of Polysorbate 80 (Tween® 80).
  • To assess the activation of the complement system by Tween® 80.
  • To evaluate the beagle dog as a model for complement activation-related pseudoallergy.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo experiments involving intravenous injection of Tween® 80 into dogs to monitor physiological and hematologic changes.
  • In vitro experiments incubating Tween® 80 with dog serum, including complement activation inhibitors.
  • Measurement of histamine, SC5b-9, C4d, Bb, and IgE levels, alongside cardiopulmonary and ECG parameters.

Main Results:

  • Tween® 80 induced histamine release, increased SC5b-9, C4d, and Bb levels, while IgE remained unchanged in vivo.
  • Cardiopulmonary distress and ECG changes were observed after Tween® 80 administration in dogs.
  • In vitro, Tween® 80 activated the complement system via both classical and alternative pathways, evidenced by increased C4d and Bb.

Conclusions:

  • Polysorbate 80 (Tween® 80) activates the complement system through classical and alternative pathways.
  • Tween® 80 can induce cardiopulmonary distress, supporting its role in pseudoallergic reactions.
  • The beagle dog is a suitable model for studying complement activation-related pseudoallergy.