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Epigenetic modifications by dietary phytochemicals: implications for personalized nutrition
Sharmila Shankar1, Dhruv Kumar, Rakesh K Srivastava
1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
Dietary phytochemicals, found in plants, can influence epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation and histone acetylation, potentially preventing cancer. Personalized nutrition strategies leveraging these compounds show promise for cancer prevention and improved health outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Nutritional Science
- Epigenetics
Background:
- Epigenetic modifications are increasingly recognized as key targets in cancer treatment.
- Dietary phytochemicals have a long history of use in traditional medicine for various diseases, including cancer.
- Phytochemicals modulate crucial biological processes like DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA expression, which are vital in carcinogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the effects of dietary phytochemicals on genetic and epigenetic modifications.
- To explore how these modifications contribute to cancer prevention and improved health outcomes.
- To highlight the role of personalized nutrition in cancer prevention.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on dietary phytochemicals and cancer.
- Analysis of research on epigenetic mechanisms targeted by phytochemicals.
- Synthesis of evidence linking phytochemicals to histone modification, DNA methylation, and microRNA expression.
Main Results:
- Dietary phytochemicals can modulate epigenetic modifications, including histone acetylation and DNA methylation, in cancer cells.
- These compounds have demonstrated potential in DNA damage repair and restraining cell death.
- Epigenetic aberrations are dynamically involved in cancer pathogenesis.
Conclusions:
- Dietary phytochemicals offer a promising avenue for cancer prevention and treatment by targeting epigenetic modifications.
- Personalized nutrition, considering individual epigenetic biomarkers, can enhance cancer prevention strategies.
- Further research into phytochemicals and their epigenetic targets can lead to improved health outcomes.
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