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Updated: May 16, 2026

Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation
Published on: October 15, 2021
[Recent studies on intracranial stenosis]
1NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK. i.grunwald@gmx.net
Insights
Symptomatic intracranial stenosis poses a high stroke risk, with medical treatments proving insufficient. Further research into safer percutaneous interventions is needed to reduce stroke risk.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Interventional Cardiology
- Medical Technology
Context:
- Symptomatic intracranial stenoses carry a significant risk of stroke.
- Current medical management, including antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies, offers limited risk reduction.
- There is a critical need for alternative treatment strategies for these patients.
Purpose:
- To evaluate the potential of percutaneous intervention, specifically balloon angioplasty with or without stenting, for treating symptomatic intracranial stenoses.
- To review the development and initial promise of intracranial stents.
- To assess the outcomes of recent randomized trials investigating intracranial stenting.
Summary:
- Percutaneous interventions using intracranial balloons and stents have been developed as an alternative to medical management for symptomatic intracranial stenoses.
- Early studies with dedicated intracranial stents showed promise.
- However, a recent randomized trial reported a high rate of periprocedural complications with a self-expanding intracranial stent.
Impact:
- Despite limitations in a recent trial, interventional options for symptomatic intracranial stenoses should not be entirely dismissed.
- The findings emphasize the need for improved technology and patient selection to minimize procedural risks.
- Safer interventional approaches could significantly reduce the risk of stroke in this challenging patient population.
Clinical Issue:
Symptomatic intracranial stenoses are associated with a high risk of stroke. Medical management with platelet inhibitors or anticoagulation has not been shown to substantially lower this risk. Hence, alternative treatment options are desperately needed.
Treatment Innovations:
The concept of percutaneous intervention using balloon angioplasty with or without stenting is appealing at first sight which is why intracranial balloons and stents were developed.
Performance:
Initial studies using dedicated intracranial stents were more promising; however, the only randomized trial recently published using a dedicated intracranial self-expanding stent demonstrated a high periprocedural complication rate. EVALUATION AND PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS: Due to study design limitations it would be premature to categorically denounce an interventional option for the treatment of symptomatic intracranial stenoses. More importantly, the results of the randomized SAMMPRIS trial should stimulate the development of safer technology and patient selection to minimize procedural risks. This will perhaps allow significant risk reduction of this potentially devastating intracranial condition when it cannot otherwise be addressed.
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