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Related Concept Videos

Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
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Development of Compendium for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Gene Ontology annotations and resources.

, J A Blake, M Dolan

    Nucleic Acids Research
    |November 20, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The Gene Ontology (GO) Consortium enhances gene product function classification with improved data quality, quantity, and specificity. These advancements support biological research through better bioinformatics resources and community engagement.

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    Area of Science:

    • Bioinformatics
    • Molecular Biology
    • Genomics

    Background:

    • The Gene Ontology (GO) Consortium provides a structured vocabulary for gene product function.
    • Previous GO annotations faced challenges in quantity, quality, and specificity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To detail recent improvements in the Gene Ontology (GO) Consortium's annotation processes.
    • To enhance the quality, quantity, and specificity of GO annotations for broader biological research applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Implemented a 'phylogenetic annotation' process for homology-based annotations across species.
    • Streamlined manual annotation processes and introduced automated quality checks.
    • Utilized automated reasoning tools to improve ontology consistency and correctness.
    • Expanded the ontology with expert input and tools for combinatorial terms.

    Main Results:

    • Significant increase in the rate of manual, literature-based GO annotations.
    • Availability of manually reviewed, homology-based annotations for diverse species.
    • Improved quality and consistency of GO annotations through streamlined processes and automated checks.
    • Enhanced specificity and coverage of the GO through expert collaboration and new term development.

    Conclusions:

    • The Gene Ontology (GO) Consortium has successfully enhanced its bioinformatics resource.
    • These improvements increase the utility of GO annotations for biological research.
    • The GOC actively supports its user community and collaborates with other ontology developers.