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Related Concept Videos

Determination01:51

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...
Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Two-step Approach to Explore Early- and Late-stages of Organ Formation in the Avian Model: The Thymus and Parathyroid Glands Organogenesis Paradigm
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Two-step Approach to Explore Early- and Late-stages of Organ Formation in the Avian Model: The Thymus and Parathyroid Glands Organogenesis Paradigm

Published on: June 17, 2018

MT2-MMP expression during early avian morphogenesis.

Rachel A Patterson1, Ann M Cavanaugh, Veronica Cantemir

  • 1Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.

Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
|November 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Membrane-type 2 matrix metalloproteinase (MT2-MMP) is newly found in avian embryos. This protease may activate proMMP-2, crucial for embryonic development and tissue remodeling.

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Membrane-type 2 matrix metalloproteinase (MT2-MMP) is a protease involved in extracellular matrix degradation and activation of proMMPs, including proMMP-2.
  • MMP-2 expression is known in avian embryos, but the mechanism of proMMP-2 activation during embryogenesis remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression pattern of MT2-MMP during avian embryogenesis.
  • To explore the potential role of MT2-MMP in proMMP-2 activation during embryonic development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of MT2-MMP mRNA expression in various tissues of avian embryos using techniques such as in situ hybridization or RT-PCR (specific methods not detailed in the abstract).

Main Results:

  • MT2-MMP mRNA was detected in multiple embryonic tissues, including neural folds, epidermal ectoderm, intermediate mesoderm, pharyngeal arches, limb buds, and dermis.
  • Expression of MT2-MMP overlapped with, but was not identical to, the known expression sites of MMP-2 in these embryos.

Conclusions:

  • MT2-MMP is expressed in key developmental areas of avian embryos.
  • These findings suggest MT2-MMP may contribute to embryonic development through its proteolytic activity and by activating proMMP-2.