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Appendicitis

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
It requires a multifaceted approach, starting with a detailed physical examination to pinpoint the location and nature of the pain and identify any associated symptoms. Laboratory tests play a crucial role. A complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals leukocytosis (an increased number of...

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...

Diverticular Disease of the Colon

Diverticular Disease of the Colon

Diverticular disease involves the formation of diverticula—small sac-like outpouchings of the colonic wall—and their complications. It most commonly affects the sigmoid colon due to higher intraluminal pressure and structural vulnerability. It results from structural weakness and increased pressure in the colon, producing pseudodiverticula that may remain silent or progress to inflammation and serious complications.Structure of DiverticulaIn diverticulosis, these outpouchings are...

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Related Experiment Videos

Appendicular sarcoidosis mimicking acute appendicitis.

Tia Hunjan¹, Muzzafer Chaudery, Ahsan Zaidi

¹Department of Surgery, Epsom and St Helier Hospital, London, UK.

BMJ Case Reports

|November 20, 2012

Summary

Appendicular sarcoidosis, a rare cause of abdominal pain, was diagnosed in a patient with known sarcoidosis. Surgical removal of the inflamed appendix led to complete symptom resolution, highlighting the need for prompt intervention.

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Area of Science:

Gastroenterology and Immunology
Surgical Pathology

Background:

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease of unknown etiology.
Appendicular sarcoidosis is an exceptionally rare manifestation, with limited prior case reports.
Acute abdominal pain, particularly in the right iliac fossa, necessitates thorough differential diagnosis.

Observation:

A 45-year-old woman with a history of sarcoidosis presented with persistent epigastric and right iliac fossa pain.
Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed an inflamed appendix and an omental mass.
Histopathology confirmed appendicular sarcoidosis, distinct from acute appendicitis, and chronic inflammation in the omentum.

Findings:

Histopathological examination definitively diagnosed appendicular sarcoidosis.
The patient experienced complete resolution of abdominal pain following appendectomy and omental biopsy.
The case underscores the presentation of sarcoidosis mimicking acute surgical abdominal conditions.

Implications:

Urgent surgical intervention is crucial for sarcoidosis patients presenting with right iliac fossa pain to prevent complications like perforation.
This case expands the understanding of rare gastrointestinal manifestations of sarcoidosis.
Early recognition and management of appendicular sarcoidosis can lead to favorable patient outcomes.