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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...

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Updated: May 16, 2026

Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel

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Published on: May 23, 2025

Distal radioulnar joint injuries.

Binu P Thomas¹, Raveendran Sreekanth

¹Dr. Paul Brand Centre for Hand Surgery, CMC Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Indian Journal of Orthopaedics

|November 20, 2012

Summary

Injuries to the distal radioulnar joint cause ulnar wrist pain and rotation restriction. Treatment ranges from conservative to surgical, aiming to restore function and prevent arthritis.

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Anatomy
Sports Medicine

Background:

The distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) is crucial for forearm pronosupination and wrist load transmission.
DRUJ injuries often accompany distal radius fractures and can involve soft tissues like the triangular fibrocartilage complex.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the diagnosis and evolving treatment strategies for distal radioulnar joint injuries.
To highlight the clinical presentation and management of DRUJ instability and associated conditions.

Main Methods:

Clinical examination, including palpation and provocative tests, aids diagnosis.
Radiology, MRI, and arthroscopy are key diagnostic modalities, with arthroscopy considered the gold standard.
Review of current literature on conservative, arthroscopic, and open surgical interventions for DRUJ pathology.

Keywords:

DRUJ arthroplasty DRUJ injuries Distal radioulnar joint TFCC distal radius fracture

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Development of a Novel Internal Fixation Model for Rat Radial Fractures: Fracture Healing Assessment and Dorsal Root Ganglion Isolation

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Main Results:

Patients present with ulnar-sided wrist pain, instability, and restricted rotation, impacting daily activities.
Basal ulnar styloid fractures can lead to instability requiring surgical intervention.
Chronic instability necessitates ligamentous reconstruction to prevent degenerative arthritis.

Conclusions:

Effective diagnosis relies on thorough clinical assessment and advanced imaging.
Treatment protocols are diverse, evolving towards ligament reconstruction and prosthetic replacement for advanced arthritis.
Early and accurate management of DRUJ injuries is vital for functional recovery and long-term wrist health.