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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Profiling of Surface Protein Epitopes on Viral Particles by Multiplex Dual-Reporter Strategy
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Profiling of Surface Protein Epitopes on Viral Particles by Multiplex Dual-Reporter Strategy

Published on: January 12, 2024

Current approaches on viral infection: proteomics and functional validations.

Jie Zheng1, Boon Huan Tan, Richard Sugrue

  • 1Division of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|November 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Understanding virus-host interactions is key. This study uses mass spectrometry proteomics and functional validation to identify host factors and responses during viral infections, offering new insights into pathogenesis.

Keywords:
activity-based functional validationshost responsesmass spectrometry based proteomicsvirus infectionvirus-host interactions

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Profiling of Surface Protein Epitopes on Viral Particles by Multiplex Dual-Reporter Strategy
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Profiling of Surface Protein Epitopes on Viral Particles by Multiplex Dual-Reporter Strategy

Published on: January 12, 2024

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins
08:26

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins

Published on: August 31, 2017

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions
13:56

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions

Published on: July 18, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that manipulate host cellular machinery for replication.
  • Understanding complex host responses to viral infection is crucial for deciphering viral pathogenesis.
  • Identifying host factors and cellular pathways involved in the viral life cycle remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate sophisticated host responses upon virus infection.
  • To identify the repertoire of host factors actively involved in the viral infectious cycle.
  • To characterize host responses qualitatively and quantitatively during viral pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Mass spectrometry-based proteomics for studying pathogen-host interactions and virus-hijacked signaling pathways.
  • Activity-based functional validation studies, including drug inhibition of the secretory pathway, immunofluorescence staining, dominant-negative mutants, real-time PCR, and siRNA-mediated knockdown.
  • Molecular cloning for further mechanistic investigations.

Main Results:

  • Proteomics identified potential host factors and cellular pathways manipulated by viruses.
  • Functional validation studies provided insights into the roles of these factors in the viral infectious cycle.
  • A comprehensive understanding of host-virus interactions and viral pathogenesis was gained.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated proteomics and functional validation offer a powerful approach to study virus-host interactions.
  • This methodology provides novel insights into viral pathogenesis and identifies potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
  • Unbiased and comprehensive characterization of host responses is achievable through these integrated techniques.