Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion01:20

Cognitive Theories: Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion

Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which emphasizes the interplay between physiological arousal and cognitive labeling in forming emotional experiences. This theory suggests that emotions are not simply a result of physiological responses but rather a combination of these responses and the individual's cognitive interpretation of them.
Physiological Arousal and Cognitive Labeling
According to this theory, when an individual experiences physiological...
Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused01:20

Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused

Emotion-focused coping refers to a set of strategies aimed at managing the emotional impact of stressors, rather than directly addressing their causes. This approach involves altering one's emotional response to stressful situations to reduce their psychological effects. For example, individuals might talk with a friend or engage in activities like journaling to express their feelings. Such actions can help achieve emotional clarity or release, providing the psychological stability needed to...
Emotional Expression01:26

Emotional Expression

Emotional expression encompasses how individuals convey their emotions through verbal communication and non-verbal cues. These non-verbal actions include facial expressions, body language, and physical gestures, such as frowning or smiling. Among these, facial expressions play a crucial role in emotional expression and are understood universally, indicating a biological basis for how humans communicate emotions.
Universal Facial Expressions
Psychologist Paul Ekman identified seven basic...
The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

The Influence of Cognition on Affect

Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be interpreted as...
Causes of Social Behavior I: Actions and Characteristics of Individuals01:30

Causes of Social Behavior I: Actions and Characteristics of Individuals

The actions and characteristics of others heavily influence the causes of social behaviors. Emotional expressions serve as powerful social signals, shaping behaviors and interactions in significant ways. Whether through direct observation or subconscious processing, individuals constantly adjust their responses based on the emotions and attributes of those around them.Emotional Cues and Social ResponsesFacial expressions, tone of voice, and body language provide crucial emotional cues that...
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pilot study of feasibility, acceptability, and changes in clinical outcomes following a brief trauma-focused intervention for chronic pain.

Regional anesthesia and pain medicine·2026
Same author

The Association Between Fear of Emotional Expression and Somatic Symptoms Is Stronger in Metastatic than in Localized or Remitted Cancer.

The American journal of hospice & palliative care·2026
Same author

Self-perceptions of aging and volunteering in later life: Examining longitudinal bidirectional associations in the German Ageing Survey (DEAS).

Psychology and aging·2026
Same author

Guided versus unguided internet-administered emotional awareness and expression therapy (I-EAET) for patients with persistent physical symptoms: A randomized trial.

Internet interventions·2026
Same author

Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy for Migraine: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial.

Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Examining secondary outcomes after brief pain reprocessing therapy: improvements in mood disturbance and fatigue and their relationship to pain intensity.

Regional anesthesia and pain medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation
14:04

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

Published on: August 26, 2011

Time-based indicators of emotional complexity: interrelations and correlates.

Daniel Grühn1, Mark A Lumley, Manfred Diehl

  • 1Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. Daniel_Gruehn@ncsu.edu

Emotion (Washington, D.C.)
|November 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Time-based emotional complexity indicators reveal distinct components but are linked to lower well-being. High variability in negative affect may signal suboptimal emotional adjustment in adults.

More Related Videos

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
07:56

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Published on: September 19, 2019

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content
07:21

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content

Published on: June 29, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation
14:04

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

Published on: August 26, 2011

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
07:56

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Published on: September 19, 2019

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content
07:21

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content

Published on: June 29, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Affective Science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Emotional complexity is linked to adaptive emotion regulation in adults.
  • Real-time emotion reports offer novel indicators of emotional complexity.
  • The relationship between these indicators, other complexity measures, and well-being is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interrelations of time-based emotional complexity indicators.
  • To examine the association between these indicators and cognitive-developmental measures of affective complexity.
  • To assess the link between time-based emotional complexity and adaptive functioning, including well-being.

Main Methods:

  • An experience-sampling study with 109 adults (aged 23-90).
  • Participants reported negative and positive affect five times daily for one week.
  • Nine time-based indicators of emotional complexity were calculated.

Main Results:

  • Indicators suggested four distinct components of emotional complexity.
  • Age was unrelated to most indicators, but older adults had lower negative affect variability.
  • Emotional complexity indicators were unrelated or inversely related to well-being, predicting a less adaptive profile.

Conclusions:

  • Time-based emotional complexity indicators present a complex and less beneficial picture than anticipated.
  • High variability in negative affect may indicate suboptimal emotional adjustment.
  • Further research is needed on the correlates of time-based emotional complexity indicators across contexts.