Micromorphometrical and histological analyses using two different oscillating osteotomy techniques compared with...

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Surgical Technology
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Background:

• Conventional rotatory burs are standard for osteotomy but can cause significant bone trauma.
• Ultrasonic osteotomes offer a potentially less invasive alternative for bone cutting procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the micromorphological and histological differences between ultrasonic osteotomes and conventional rotatory burs.
• To evaluate the precision and bone architecture resulting from different osteotomy devices.

Main Methods:

• Bovine rib bone samples were subjected to osteotomy using four devices: conventional round bur, Lindeman bur, and two ultrasonic osteotomes (ES007, T-Black).
• Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM) were used to analyze cut surfaces, edge regularity, bone fragments, and bone architecture.

Main Results:

• Ultrasonic osteotomes produced narrower cuts with smoother surfaces and fewer bone fragments compared to burs.
• Burs created wider defects with irregular edges and more bone chips, causing crushed trabeculae and a smear layer.
• Ultrasonic cuts showed minimal smear layer and less damage to bone architecture, with intact osteocytes observed.

Conclusions:

• Ultrasonic osteotomes demonstrate superior precision and less tissue trauma compared to conventional burs.
• The reduced bone debris and cleaner cuts from ultrasonic devices may lead to reduced inflammation and improved wound healing.
• Ultrasonic surgery is confirmed as a valid and potentially advantageous technique for osteotomy procedures.