[Thrombosis of the superior vena cava revealing a protein S deficiency]

Thrombosis of the superior vena cava is attached to several causes including deficiency of the protein S. It occurs gradually by a superior vena cava syndrome. We report a patient aged 22 years, no toxic habits or bipolar aphthosis, which presented for 3 months a superior vena cava syndrome. The radiological and biological assessments confirmed thrombosis of the superior vena cava and a deficit of the protein S for which the patient was put under anticoagulant therapy with good clinical and radiological improvement. Through this observation, the authors report a rare cause of thrombosis of the superior vena cava which is the isolated protein S deficiency and provide a review of the literature.