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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.01:25

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

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Updated: May 16, 2026

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
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Published on: November 18, 2018

Pulmonary hypertension in CKD.

Davide Bolignano1, Stefania Rastelli, Rajiv Agarwal

  • 1Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy.

American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation
|November 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary hypertension frequently affects chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, increasing mortality. Managing volume overload and left ventricular issues is key to improving outcomes in CKD patients with pulmonary hypertension.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare, high-mortality disease.
  • Pulmonary hypertension is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, especially those on dialysis.
  • Prevalence varies significantly across CKD stages and dialysis modalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology and risk factors of pulmonary hypertension in CKD patients.
  • To highlight the clinical implications and management challenges of pulmonary hypertension in CKD.
  • To emphasize the importance of addressing pulmonary hypertension for improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on pulmonary hypertension in CKD.
  • Analysis of prevalence data across different CKD stages and dialysis types.
  • Synthesis of risk factors and potential contributing mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Pulmonary hypertension prevalence in stage 5 CKD is 9%-39%, 18.8%-68.8% in hemodialysis, and 0%-42% in peritoneal dialysis.
  • CKD-related factors like volume overload, left ventricular disorders, and anemia contribute significantly.
  • No specific intervention trials for pulmonary hypertension in CKD have been conducted.

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary hypertension is a significant comorbidity in CKD with high mortality.
  • Addressing volume overload and left ventricular dysfunction is critical for management.
  • Early prevention and management are crucial, as kidney transplantation may not resolve established pulmonary hypertension-related mortality.