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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
06:40

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

Published on: March 22, 2018

DNA sequencing - spanning the generations.

Steven McGinn1, Ivo Glynne Gut

  • 1CEA, DSV, IG-Centre National de Genotypage, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91057 Evry, France.

New Biotechnology
|November 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Advancements in nucleic acid sequencing, from Sanger to nanopore technologies, are revolutionizing biological research. New methods enhance high-resolution genetic information, driving innovation in DNA analysis.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics and Computational Biology

Background:

  • Nucleic acid sequencing is fundamental to biological research, with distinct technology generations offering varied outputs.
  • Sanger sequencing (dideoxy terminator) was the standard for decades, notably for the Human Genome Project.

Observation:

  • The advent of 2nd generation sequencing in 2005 drastically increased output and reduced costs.
  • Emerging 3rd generation technologies, like nanopore systems, are advancing DNA sequencing capabilities.

Findings:

  • The field is expanding with complementary applications for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation sequencing.
  • The READNA consortium has significantly contributed to novel nucleic acid analysis methodologies.

Implications:

More Related Videos

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing
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Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

Published on: June 3, 2019

Ultra-long Read Sequencing for Whole Genomic DNA Analysis
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Ultra-long Read Sequencing for Whole Genomic DNA Analysis

Published on: March 15, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
06:40

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

Published on: March 22, 2018

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing
11:26

Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing

Published on: June 3, 2019

Ultra-long Read Sequencing for Whole Genomic DNA Analysis
10:34

Ultra-long Read Sequencing for Whole Genomic DNA Analysis

Published on: March 15, 2019

  • These advancements enable higher resolution genetic information acquisition.
  • Continued innovation in sequencing technologies promises to accelerate biological discovery and applications.