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Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
Experimental RNAi02:15

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)02:30

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...

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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
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Published on: August 21, 2014

Dicer-processed small RNAs: rules and exceptions.

David Langenberger1, M Volkan Çakir, Steve Hoffmann

  • 1LIFE, Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B, Molecular and Developmental Evolution
|November 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study identifies new Dicer-independent microRNAs, including the tumor suppressor mir-663a, by re-analyzing small RNA sequencing data. It also reveals differential Dicer processing of various small RNAs like snoRNAs and vault RNAs.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Canonical microRNAs (miRNAs) are processed by the enzyme Dicer from hairpin precursors.
  • Exceptions to this rule and other Dicer substrates are not fully characterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel Dicer-independent miRNAs and other small RNA substrates.
  • To re-evaluate existing small RNA sequencing data from Dicer knockdown experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Re-analysis of small RNA sequencing data from MCF-7 cells with Dicer knockdown.
  • Identification and classification of small RNAs based on their processing dependency on Dicer.

Main Results:

  • Several Dicer-independent miRNAs were identified, including the tumor suppressor mir-663a.
  • Non-miRNA Dicer substrates such as tRNA-Gln and snoRNAs were recovered.
  • Small RNAs derived from box C/D snoRNAs are Dicer-independent, while those from box H/ACA snoRNAs are often Dicer-dependent.
  • Vault RNAs and great ape-specific snaRs are Dicer substrates, whereas Y RNA-derived small RNAs are Dicer-independent.

Conclusions:

  • Dicer processing is not essential for all microRNAs, with mir-663a being a key example.
  • The processing of various small non-coding RNAs by Dicer is diverse and depends on their origin and type.