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Related Concept Videos

Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure

The neural regulation of blood pressure involves intricate interactions between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiovascular system, ensuring adequate perfusion of tissues. This regulation primarily occurs through baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, involving both short-term and long-term mechanisms.
Baroreceptor Reflex
Baroreceptors, located in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch, detect changes in blood pressure. When blood pressure rises, these stretch-sensitive receptors...
Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

Measurement of Blood Pressure

Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a stethoscope.
Blood Pressure01:24

Blood Pressure

The movement of blood in a human body, commonly referred to as blood flow, is determined by the volume of blood that traverses a certain section of the bodily system per unit time. It is the rhythmic contraction of the heart's ventricles that primarily instigates this movement. As the ventricles contract, blood is forced into the prominent arteries, which then flow from areas of greater pressure to lower pressure areas. This movement continues into smaller arteries and arterioles and...
Blood Pressure01:30

Blood Pressure

Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure or force of blood exerted on the artery's walls as it circulates through the body. It is essential for maintaining blood flow throughout the body.
The average BP in an adult is typically around 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury). In this measurement, the numerator (120) indicates the systolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart's ventricles as blood is expelled. The denominator (80) represents the diastolic...
Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure01:17

Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure

Endocrinal or hormonal intervention in the cardiovascular system is predominantly exerted by the catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as a slew of hormones that interact with renal function to modulate blood volume.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction while...
Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure01:30

Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure

Direct Method
This invasive approach involves cannulating a peripheral artery. During each cardiac contraction, pressure generates mechanical motion within the catheter, transmitted through rigid, fluid-filled tubing to a transducer. This transducer converts mechanical motion into electrical signals displayed as waveforms on a monitor. An automatic flushing system prevents blood backflow. Due to the potential risk of unexpected arterial blood loss, this method is primarily used in intensive...

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Integrated Compensatory Responses in a Human Model of Hemorrhage
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Published on: November 20, 2016

Bone hemodynamic responses to changes in external pressure.

Jaime Mateus1, Alan R Hargens

  • 1Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Man-Vehicle Laboratory, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 37-219, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. jmateus@alum.mit.edu

Bone
|November 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone blood flow (perfusion) decreases with negative external pressure. Positive pressure initially increases, then decreases bone perfusion, with the myogenic effect dominating bone hemodynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Physiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Bone health relies on adequate blood supply and circulation.
  • Impaired bone perfusion is linked to pathologies and reduced bone mineral density.
  • Bone hemodynamics and its regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify bone hemodynamic responses to external pressure variations.
  • To identify the primary mechanisms controlling bone hemodynamics under pressure changes.

Main Methods:

  • Photoplethysmography was employed to measure bone and skin perfusion.
  • Experiments involved single-limb pressure chamber tests across a -50 to +50mmHg pressure range.

Main Results:

  • Bone perfusion decreased under all tested negative pressures.
  • Positive pressures initially elevated perfusion, but intramuscular pressure receptor activation at +30mmHg led to decreased perfusion at higher levels.
  • The myogenic effect was identified as the dominant regulatory mechanism in bone hemodynamics across various pressures.

Conclusions:

  • External pressure significantly impacts bone perfusion.
  • The myogenic effect plays a crucial role in regulating bone blood flow.
  • Understanding these hemodynamic responses can inform new therapeutic strategies for bone disorders.